methocarbamol
Methocarbamol (trade name Robaxin, which is marketed by Actient Pharmaceuticals LLC in the United States and Pfizer in Canada) is a central muscle relaxant used to treat skeletal muscle spasms. It is the carbamate of guaifenesin, but does not produce guaifenesin as a metabolite, since the carbamate bond is not hydrolyzed metabolically; metabolism is by Phase I ring hydroxylation and O-demethylation, followed by Phase II conjugation. All the major metabolites are unhydrolyzed carbamates. Methocarbamol is marketed under different names when presented in combination with other active ingredients. In combination with acetaminophen (Paracetamol), its trade name is Robaxacet, whereas Robax Platinum is the trade name for a formulation of methocarbamol and ibuprofen. A combination of methocarbamol and aspirin is marketed as Robaxisal. Unlike other carbamates such as carisoprodol and meprobamate, Methocarbamol has greatly reduced abuse potential. Studies comparing it to lorazepam (Ativan) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl), along with placebo, find that methocarbamol produces increased 'liking' responses and some sedative-like effects, however, at higher doses dysphoria is reported. It is
muscle spasms
In medicine a spasm is a sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, or a similarly sudden contraction of an orifice. It is sometimes accompanied by a sudden burst of pain, but is usually harmless and ceases after a few minutes. A spasm is a temporary burst of energy, activity, emotion, stress, or anxiety. A series of spasms or permanent spasms are called a spasmism. In very severe cases, the spasm can induce muscular contractions that are more forceful than the sufferer could generate under normal circumstances, which can cause tearing of tendons and ligaments. True hypertonic spasm is caused by malfunctioning feedback nerves, is much more serious, and is permanent unless treated. In this, the hypertonic muscle tone is excessive and the muscles are unable to relax. A subtype of spasms is colic. This is an episodic pain due to spasms of smooth muscle in a particular organ (e.g. the bile duct). A characteristic of colic is the sensation of having to move about, and the pain may induce nausea or vomiting if severe. Hysterical strength is argued to be a type of spasm induced by the brain under extreme circumstances. Amongst causes of spasms are
pain
Faheem Rasheed Najm (born September 30, 1985), better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer, and actor, currently signed to Young Money Entertainment. His debut album, Rappa Ternt Sanga, was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second studio album Epiphany, which reached number one on the Billboard 200. His third studio album,Thr33 Ringz, was released in 2008. T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards alongside artists Kanye West and Jamie Foxx. T-Pain is the founder of the record label Nappy Boy Entertainment, established in 2005. Throughout his career as a singer, T-Pain has extensively used the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect. Najm was born in Tallahassee, Florida on September 30, 1985. His stage name is short for "Tallahassee Pain" and was chosen because of the hardships he experienced while living there. He is a Muslim. At just three years old he got his first taste of the music business. A friend of the family, gospeljazz artist/producer Ben Tankard allowed him to hang out and "twist the knobs" at his recording studio. At age ten, Najm turned his bedroom into a music studio, using a keyboard, a beat machine and a